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A liquefaction opportunity map was developed for Cache Valley, Utah. The study was the initial phase to determine the potential for liquefaction in Cache Valley. The method used in this study to develop the liquefaction opportunity map was based on a procedure developed by Youd and Perkins (1977). This opportunity map is proposed to be combined with a map delineating liquefaction susceptible soils to produce a liquefaction potential map. The liquefaction susceptibility map is being developed in a companion study. The liquefaction potential map will assist in the evaluation of earthquake response in general and microzonation in particular. The liquefaction potential map may also be used by contractors, consultants, governmental organizations, etc., for preliminary planning and decision making to determine the suitability of a given site.

Section 1. Screening methods in the context of water policies -- Section 2. Chemical methods -- Section 3. Biological methods -- Section 4. Potential use of screening methods and performance evaluation -- Section 5. Quality assurance and validation method -- Section 6. Integration of screening methods in water monitoring strategies.

This paper describes the results of a research programme (1988-89) directed at determining what information is used by the staff in social services departments responsible for making decisions about the rehabilitation of visually handicapped people. Four principal categories of information were identified: personality and aptitude traits; level of social and financial support; general health (including age); and aspects of visual function. The first two sources of information accounted for 65% of discriminations made for alternative course of action in rehabilitation, while information about visual function was the least frequently used (i.e. 11%). There was no evidence that informa tion about a patient/client's clinical diagnosis was used in decision-making about rehabilitation. The results of this study were used to assist redrafting of the revised BD8 (1990) form.

AbstractChemcatcher® and POCIS passive sampling devices are widely used for monitoring polar organic pollutants in water. Chemcatcher® uses a bound Horizon Atlantic™ HLB-L sorbent disk as receiving phase, whilst the POCIS uses the same material in the form of loose powder. Both devices (n = 3) were deployed for 21 days in the final effluent at three wastewater treatment plants in South Wales, UK. Following deployment, sampler extracts were analysed using liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compounds were identified using an in-house database of pharmaceuticals using a metabolomics workflow. Sixty-eight compounds were identified in all samplers. For the POCIS, substantial losses of sorbent (11–51%) were found during deployment and subsequent laboratory analysis, necessitating the use of a recovery factor. Percentage relative standard deviations varied (with 10 compounds exceeding 30% in both samplers) between individual compounds and between samplers deployed at the three sites. The relative performance of the two devices was evaluated using the mass of analyte sequestered, measured as an integrated peak area. The ratio of the uptake of the pharmaceuticals for the POCIS versus Chemcatcher® was lower (1.84x) than would be expected on the basis of the ratio of active sampling areas (3.01x) of the two devices. The lower than predicted uptake may be attributable to the loose sorbent material moving inside the POCIS when deployed in the field in the vertical plane. In order to overcome this, it is recommended to deploy the POCIS horizontally inside the deployment cage.

The Water Framework Directive (WFD, 2000/60/EC) is one of the most important pieces of environmental legislation produced in recent years and is likely to transform the way water quality monitoring is undertaken across all European Union's member states. The objectives of the WFD are to improve, protect and prevent further deterioration of quality for most types of water body across Europe. The Directive aims to achieve and ensure "good quality" status of all water bodies throughout Europe by 2015, and this is to be achieved by implementing management plans at the river basin level. Monitoring is required to cover a number of 'water quality elements' including biological, chemical (inorganic and organic priority pollutants), hydro-morphological, and physicochemical parameters. Three modes of monitoring regime are specified in the Directive and will form part of the management plans that must be introduced by December 2006. These include: (i) surveillance monitoring aimed at assessing long-term water quality changes and providing baseline data on river basins allowing the design and implementation of other types of monitoring, (ii) operational monitoring aimed at providing additional and essential data on water bodies at risk or failing environmental objectives of the WFD, (iii) investigative monitoring aimed at assessing causes of such failure when they are unknown.

Abstract
Pallasites are mixtures of core and mantle material that may have originated from the core–mantle boundary of a differentiated body. However, recent studies have introduced the possibility that they record an impact mix, in which case an isotopic difference between metal and silicates in pallasites may be expected. We report a statistically significant oxygen isotope disequilibrium between olivine and chromite in main group pallasites that implies the silicate and metal portions of these meteorites stem from distinct isotopic reservoirs. This indicates that these meteorites were formed by impact mixing, during which a planetary core was injected into the mantle of another body. The impactor likely differentiated within ∼1–2 Myr of the start of the Solar System based on Hf–W chronology of pallasite metal, and we infer the age of the impact based on Mn–Cr systematics and cooling rates at between ∼1.5 and 9.5 Myr after Ca–Al-rich inclusions (CAIs). When combined with published slow subsolidus cooling rates for these meteorites and considering that several pallasite groups exist, our results indicate that such impacts may be an important stage in the evolution of planetary bodies.